аЯрЁБс>ўџ ,.ўџџџ+џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅСM №П§bjbjт=т= .$€W€W§џџџџџџlbbbbbbbЎ\\\\ hЎm ˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆьюююююю$s “ r bˆˆˆˆˆ Zbbˆˆ' ZZZˆbˆbˆьZˆьZ’Zьbbьˆ|  ‹ъю(ХЎЎ\žьь= 0m ь ЎЌ ьZv –bbbbйHome for the holidays Taking a lunchtime siesta has never been an option for the British office worker. Many decades ago around the turn of the last century, our grandparents must have been relieved to escape the dirty and dung-filled streets every night to rejoin their families around the suburban dining table, well away from the industrial smog. Now we ask ourselves why we put up with journeying 15 miles in packed rail carriages to get to a computerised office, when we could be working from home with more flexible hours. Our work culture just has not caught up with technology Yet just as we struggle to adapt our lifestyles to this nineteenth century brace, a new problem emerges: how to make our living spaces, as well as work culture, fit to climbing temperatures. The conundrums posed by this mismatch, as well as some solutions, were put to a group of engineers and architects at Sponge’s Adapting to Climate Change Seminar on February 10th 2005. Marseille-on-Thames It is quite possible that London in 80 years time will have today’s Mediterranean climate, explained Richenda Connell of the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP). According to four future scenarios modelled by the organisation, temperatures could rise by 4.5-5oC by the end of the century under the ‘business as usual’ forecast. But even in the less severe case, where Britain adopts moderate measures to mitigate the climate change and temperatures rise by a couple of degrees less, London’s climate would be close to that of Marseille. Would we have learned, within that time, to think like the Latins, close shutters and windows, stay indoors and take a three-hour lunch break, would our homes protect us from the heat with cool tiles and thick walls or other heat-proofed designs? “We need to adapt our lifestyle,” emphasised Bill Gething of RIBA Sustainable Futures, “our building stock won’t match it.” This requirement will be particularly acute in the “urban heat island” of central London, which will be up to 6o C higher than the rest of the South East. Built largely in the 19th and 20th centuries, our housing is geared towards a moderate, rainy climate. According to Matthew Chell of the GLA, we can expect warmer but wetter winters and more urban flash flooding. A greater number of homes will be subject to flood risk and can be designed to accept flooding. Water metering will become compulsory, heating bills will reduce, and there will be fewer winter deaths. Speaking about London, Chell warned that it is “particularly vulnerable…London is the worst place in the country to build as a result of climate change,” referring to the more intense heat and convergence around the river Thames. Its popularity as centre of business and culture, though, is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. Indoors in the midday sun There may be more need for prefabricated or lightweight housing in Britain which can be more flexible and adaptable to changing temperatures. There might also be more of a need for heavyweight surfaces in key rooms, with more rooms facing South so that they are positioned to receive more solar gain, according to Chris Twinn of Arup. British people, especially in the South, would have to change their attitudes to heat, shading and interior ventilation, he suggested, adding: “We do not come from a base in the UK of people who understand how to control buildings.” For example, the current typical British view of shading is a semi-transparent, canvas awning. In contrast, Mediterranean inhabitants use opaque black shades. Instead of throwing open the windows when temperatures rise, Brits will have to get used to closing them, as do people in Latin countries. Bedroom temperatures would need to be cooler than living room temperatures and designed accordingly, due to the effect of heat at night. Perhaps, as temperatures rise, we will shrug off centuries of heat deprivation and go indoors in the midday sun… Ventilation openings will need to be designed so that they can be left open securely at night, while the amount of sun spaces opening into the buildings will need to be fairly small. There will probably be a need for more multi-layering (shutters followed by blinds and other interior shading), and a change in habits regarding ventilation. For example, opening windows early in the morning for fresh air, and then closing them later on in the morning. Though there is no doubt that many British people will be able to adopt some of these habits, speakers left open the question of how far existing housing stock and work culture would be adjusted. Bill Gething suggested that “the Spanish-style siesta would not be open to us because of our relationship between work and home” which has developed over a much longer period of time. Could one, for example, really envisage the option of siesta hotels in London, he asked in jest. Or might employers adopt more flexitime or stretch holidays into one month blocks? While the technical solutions are available, it is clear that most ordinary British people as well as key managers and policy makers have not abandoned their ingrained tastes. Key audiences that need to be addressed include estate agents, energy service companies, schools, housing associations and property lawyers, delegates suggested in workshops. And, even if British people gradually change their interior designs, it will be many decades before our housing legacy and freehold laws expire. In the mean time, the challenge to create work and living spaces designed for a different climate remains very great indeed. Elisabeth Jeffries NОРШмсто п " $ + - jъ§јяхясяхяхяхяхяпсяг5CJOJQJ\^J>*5\CJH*OJQJ^JCJOJQJ^J 5>*CJ\abNOїЧШм' ( ё ђ ­ Ў jkѕі}~EFy§§§§ћћћћљћћћћћћћћћїїћћћћћћћћ§ўyzъ§§§§,1hА‚. 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